Sample Letters To Daughters

The instrument and the language I

A reader of these "things as passing" has come to awaken in me an old debate. I say former, for it is approaching the half century, which for me is almost back upon my own sunrise to Marxist readings. It is true that something had read it in El Salvador, but since I did this by pushing the heart into the darkness of secrecy, fearing stalking and tracking any enthusiasm, zeal and enthusiasm to lead my staff in the dark, then the meaning seemed reflected in letters Mace absolute and unquestionable truth. Those were anything but first readings, readings. There was more hope for magic, unspeakable power that would allow me to erase forever the social misery that surrounded me. There was nobody who could really get me into the pure light that my mind did not fall into a new religion. For those who surrounded me in those times, had also fallen into the same spell, victims of our gross ignorance, these texts became sacred.

However soon I was faced with another world I opened a discord, to the controversy, to interpretations. For many it may be that the thing is even unprecedented, but in Moscow, to my fellow Salvadorans easily learned to repeat the conformist and dogmatic amens I knew, by contrast and by temperament, not everything written was absolute truth. Friends from other countries with less conformity interpreted the texts of Lenin and were allowed to contradict what the press expressing the PR of the CPSU (Communist Party Politburo of the Soviet Union).

El ambiente era animado en la Universidad “Patricio Lumumba”, tanto en las prolongadas tardes de la calle Kabelnaya, como en las noches sin sueño de la calle Storozhevaya, me fui metiendo al resbaladizo terreno del pensar por mi cuenta.

Fue en esos momentos, en el albor de mis estudios, cuando lo primero era despojarme de las ideas preconcebidas sobre el lenguaje, cuando iba aprendiendo que para que algo sea cierto es menester aportar la prueba y me came to realize, in linguistics, which was the "unity of opposites" and that science does not obey the dictates of the "ideology" theory of the sign, first and sausssureana theory of language later. Now I am committing an anachronism, since this "unity" he learned in the practice and then not yet called that. This came later, some time later. Those years were of intense reading, I read several novels at a time, several trials at the same time, approaching me with bulimia to anything that could rescue the pit of my ignorance.

A must read

was at this time of learning I had a must-read for those who longed to "become" scientific materialism, it is a pamphlet which has been in the world one sentence, "work made man." The booklet is called, "The Role of Labour in the Transition from Ape to Man", the author is F. Engels. The phrase may appear in multiple manuals and "Marxist" but in the booklet is that of aphorism that way and somehow the friend of K. Marx expressed more cautiously, opened his reflections with: " The work is the source of all wealth, experts say in Political Economy. It is, in fact, at the same nature, a supplier of the materials it converts into wealth. But the work is much more than that. Is the basic and fundamental of all human life. And it is to an extent that, to some extent, we must say that labor created man himself . "

As you can see is not the same, but as in the catechism came repeating in aphoristic form: "work made man", the entire contents of the prospectus, the whole argument Engelsian, wisdom, and his insights have been deleting and forgetting. So I kept myself face to face with a kind of postulate of "Marxism." This cartoon has been indisposed me forever. I wanted to discuss my doubts, discuss them, but nobody has stopped listen to my questions. For many there was or there is nothing to discuss, others have thought that I wish more legs always tell the cat and the phrase is sufficiently transparent, there is nothing to discuss.

remember now one of the last times I tried to discuss this with someone, was in Paris with two friends in El Salvador, in the war years, when our propaganda activity and fundraising, it was called "external front." One of them is now a professor at National University and the other, I think, also teaches. The first is a sociologist and the second language was still an apprentice. Both were sharp and even surprised that I would like to mix them in dangerous and absurd heterodoxies. Duo told me in that there was nothing to remove, or add to that scientific postulate. Had begun to tell these friends that Engels could not return to work the demiurge, that reasoning was much more than work, perhaps the language could be considered as another important factor, as another crucial moment in the famous "transit of ape to man. " Engels himself in his brochure says that "men in training came to a point that had need to say something to each other." And then adds: "First work, then with his articulate speech, were the two major stimuli under whose influence the monkey's brain was gradually transformed in the human brain."

Recovecos, shortcuts and deslisaderos

Now I can tell my tour this issue. The route has been tortuous, with twists and turns, shortcuts, deslisaderos, uphill and unexpected encounters. I will try to present a brief summary of it, crossing out a few things, the importance of strictly personal and now judge the omit other because they can distract from the main road, the core of the thing.

Although this may seem far from the topic, my first reaction was language, mixed with another of ethics, ethics, accuracy. The first is that the sentence as it is repeated "The work created man," ignores a constant reflection of Engels in his unfinished booklet is an ancient process, then wanting to express these thousands and thousands of years for a while verbal in Castilian rather reflects a momentary act, closed, perfect, is simply inadequate. The time it brings the translation is perfect, an open time that action has no limits in the past, which extends far discursive. To overturn the sentence at the time and skip "to some extent" that puts even slightly, one flat to the claim, is misrepresenting something, somehow making a mistake is the exact meaning has been transgressed. When someone gives you an idea, honest quote properly, without amendments, or verbal shortcuts.

Another point which I have communed with many of our "Marxist" is forgetting that is produced by to postulate or dogma the distorted phrase attributed to Engels, this oversight is to overlook or ignore without more, the fundamental fact, which Engels insists that it is an ancient process and in which there is a qualitative transformation, a transmutation leaves off and something else appears. But in the pre-Marxist materialist simplicity of our "Marxists", the statement attributed to Engels opposes and overrides the sentence of theology: "God created man." This similarity may be partly responsible for the ears that I found. "The work created man" was the reply as materialistic religious idealism, but it was in the double sense of word reply: Reply and copy. Produced an illusion and a reflection spectrum, giving the illusion of a response to this secular, materialistic religious dogma while copying same error. This error, I repeat is not Engels but of those that produced the brief summary, Marx points out this error in the sixth thesis on Feuerbach, to which I referred to these "Things so fleeting."

But before the development of this thesis VI allows us to correct, we should revert to the story of my own efforts to understand the problem. It turns out that those years, although it insisted on the need to "learn" the Marxist philosophy, the materialist theory, was left aside of the classical texts themselves and "learned" in manuals Diamat Soviet abbreviation is Russian "dialectical materialism." That was almost a repeat uncorrected aberrations committed by Stalin interested. Many still cling to this way of thinking wrong. But this came to join other circumstance, that even comes close to the distortions of Communist Party of El Salvador and Shafik Handal on the way of the revolution. Misrepresentations that resulted in long discussions within the party and outside, as in the international communist movement that was also the subject of discord. This struggle "ideological" forced us to completely stop the vagaries of philosophizing. And what mattered then was to know which way we put us next to the revolution or reform.

All that mattered was action

This is aggravated also because MIR my Chilean friends, Uruguayans, Nicaraguans, Venezuelans, Colombians, Bolivians, Peruvians quarreled about Regis Debray's book "Revolution in the Revolution" and our world is divided into two, those who were for the revolution those who were against it. That was the first time I understood that truth had nothing to do with how to growl, some of my friends took almost as catechism lampoon Debray, never accepted it, I found provided that the brochure promoted by the Cubans, was rather a pseudo-theoretical justification and a misunderstanding of the concept "foquista" of the Cuban revolution. And This came on top of an abusive interpretation, which continues today, the last thesis on Feuerbach, the famous eleventh thesis: "The philosophers have only interpreted world in various ways, but what is it transform. " Many have understood that the theory is superfluous, all that matters is action. This attitude has always been a wall.

Amidst all these discussions, peaceful means, through armed, pro-Cuba or pro-Soviet, pro-Chinese or pro-communism and many other Western alternative I had a great first meeting, a professor at the University, gave us a few hours of Logic, was a nearly optional course, some regulars attended, others pushed and yawning, the teacher took it all stoically and with a conceited smile ( as they say in Argentina). Once told us that besides the formal logic and its derivatives, there was a more interesting, more comprehensive and ultimately more entertaining and it was much more useful for interpreting scientific discovery: the dialectical logic. But we drove slowly by in the courses would not have time to give us even the basics. He promised a bibliography and help if someone s and asked for it. I dared to claim the literature and began my studies.

confess that I entered them very lame and no guide for the teacher disappeared. Yet I realized that in order to extract the logic of the texts that I recommended the teacher, needed more philosophical training, it was not only to read and take some notes. Despite these readings helped me to clarify some insights, some glimpses.

I dared to think that in the brochure Engels could not be very accurate at all, because the specific knowledge we have now, with modern archeology, were unknown at the time, Engels taken as entirely true Darwin's fanciful description of the monkeys 'ancestors' and the lost continent, which Engels had used very much to the intelligence, but because of lack of information, much of his presentation was lame. This kept me in silence, this "apostasy" I could not even be worth more than an excommunication.

And at the same time, somewhere in my head, trotted forward to a concept that was rejected without its critics. This is the concept "man", what is meant when it is defined. That was not so clear to me, why replace it, how to replace it from the point of view of Marxist materialism?

Reflections on language

Somehow my thoughts came to the aid of language. In fact we speak of human language, but we can say it is too little, because it is an abstraction, generalizations that we can unite on a concept, but that does not really correspond to anything observable. The language as such is not a tangible reality, reality, what appears are the languages, given the historical languages. Also came to add the reflections on language and language potential in action. Then came discussions about "universal" language, the innate character or not, language as social interaction or as a package, node relationships, material existence in each individual y en todos los que hablan una lengua. Los temas se iban acumulando, la reflexión iba creciendo, no siempre me satisfacían las respuestas que me daban mis profesores. Tal vez sólo los soliloquios-conferencias de mi mejor profesor, Dimitri Evguenovich Mijalchi. Nunca falté a sus cursos, salvo realmente por fuerza mayor.

Recuerdo una de sus conferencias, en una de las que se dejaba ir a reflexionar en voz alta delante de nosotros. No le gustaba que perdiéramos el tiempo anotando, prefería que siguiéramos el hilo de su razonar. El tema era la propiedad o la ausencia de propiedad del simil entre the instrument and language. It had become very common to say that language was a tool for communication and thought. Regarding the latter, I mean the union of language and thought has been one of the problems that always accompanied me and was the subject of a long night talk that shared Mounin Georgre comnigo condescending.

Dmitri Evguenevich Mijalchi rejected the comparison, accepting that in some sense might be similarities, that both the instrument and language, were vehicles of the will of men that through them objectives were achieved, but the instrument is made with a specific purpose, can possibly be applied for various purposes or to be used properly in acts for which it was designed and manufactured. I also remember that in its passing our teacher, corrected, "the insturment and languages", instead of the singular plural changed several times and instead of language, repeated "specific language." I do not remember if this change from singular to plural was the subject of another course, but this detail was significant and had a deep thought behind that I had to squint.

The language does not stand between men and nature, between subject and object, as do the instruments. Language, languages, involving individuals and transmit information. You may like what Engels said in the brochure that said, "the head that planned the work was able to bind the hands of others to do the work planned for her," but the substance has not been transmuted human. The instrument, however, it becomes the object is applied, it follows the strict necessity of a match between the instrument and the object to be transforming. The instrument is in the middle, between subject and object, while the language but also in the middle appears to be not entirely true, since for the language functions necessary linguistic community, it is necessary that my partner understands me without this add no communication, language belongs to both, all, My statement is made in the other, but not in any other, but those others who share my same language. Both the tool and language, are mediators, but one it is full, while the other only in a sense, perhaps only figuratively.

Here we can see that we have been armed a knot, in which we mix many things, such as projects, things, people, language, objects, etc. Because the instrument before physically exist, is in the project, as conceived in the brain. Its previous form, ie before materialize in human acts, is in his thought-form, largely, in its verbal form. It is possible that this can admit the existence of non-verbal thinking, instrumental thinking, figures, etc. Are these modes of thought exist strictly separated? Is it possible to fully instrumental mode of thinking without the verbal? In any case it is in an overlap of factors, moments, brain, hand, the senses, consciousness, thinking, language (which is the material manifestation), the objects and all of nature.

But to undo this tangle there are several threads, some broken, others are hidden and some are so long that lasts a lifetime. The key however is that these interactions allow us to understand the mutual dependencies and parallel developments. Can an activity to produce a tool without a language? Project means the existence of mind, the instrument's potential. I must confess that in these scores that I am describing now that I write, I strive to play as it is happening in my searches were in my chaotic readings, also in talks.

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Funes FMLN

I will not discuss the veto against the decree on the reform of the Electoral Code, but my thoughts revolve around this topic. The first thing I noted is the hope that arose over the decision of the Constitutional Chamber to respect the individual candidates raised almost as a political solution to the conduct adopted in the Assembly Members and drift right of the president and FMLN. Some even think that these applications were the start of participatory democracy. The presentation of the lists as an instrument of direct voting, open lists, the choice between Members and the presentation of the photo will also be considered as an improvement of our institutions and our fledgling democracy.

In my first comment on the ruling, did not share the excitement. I do not think that individual applications will change the background of the vote as it is conceived within this regime. However, it could be considered as progress in the sense that this gave the possibility to different currents in the country to reach wider audience, if they could place a deputy in the Assembly. It was thus an embryo to a new pluralism. At the same time also opened the possibility of a revival of citizen participation in politics and a way to reassess.

The discrediting of the political agenda in the country is reaching its climax. It is therefore natural that the ruling was received with much hope and enthusiasm grew. Political parties reacted to this ruling as a wounded beast reacts and cornered. They saw his death announced and received the blow almost like a betrayal. Attended the early-morning ambush and intertwined constitutional reforms to prevent the ruling took effect in the future. It put together a debate in the country, there were allegations of all kinds, it was alleged abuse by the Supreme Court, was awarded incompetence and even exceeded its powers. There were consultations, there were seminars, we got to the threat of dismissal. Political parties continued to sink in even more disrepute and discredit political activity.

This is the I care about playing. The scams, growing corruption, increasingly evident gap between the deputies, ministers and other officials of ordinary mortals, have been SOCAB the little interest in politics among the general public. Politics, get involved in politics is becoming more synonymous with propención towards illegal, morally dirty, the hypocrisy, etc. Society and the world of politics are two completely separate universes. One might ask who benefits from all this?

At first glance, are the same politicians, the caste of politicians is the first to benefit from the depoliticization of the country. The less interest there, unless they feel compelled to account for its activity to the voters. Political parties seem to fail to represent the class and passed to become autonomous power groups and bring together people with interests. This view is widespread and not now ignores any political party in El Salvador, lies in a correct apprehension of reality, but at the same time is a vision that goes to the merits. I say that is correct because it is what is seen and which demonstrates the attitude of the parties policy in dealing with these issues. But at the same time, the fund will not be because politics is not a neutral issue for our everyday life, it defines the actions that go one way or another to benefit or harm. The policy is to protect private and social interests.

Examples abound, the foremost is the establishment of the budget, financing, tax collection is not a neutral thing, loans acquired by the government benefit to a class and disadvantage to another. See also what happened to the gas. Maybe it is a bad decree and could do the same. But the reality is that for wanting to target the subsidy to those most in need of assistance, there has been a disaster, which has caused general discontent and the growing threat of rising prices. But this subsidy is what has kept hidden all these years the real price of the product and its continued rise. The grant came to complete the payment, but this payment was made by the government at the expense of other actions for the benefit of citizens. The owners of the companies benefiting from this payment, which comes from the common budget, funded by tax of all. Now exposes a new high and the owners of companies are talking about new ways of calculating, from who knows what new procedures of mixtures, in order, a further increase in final price. But retail prices affect other increases, is what we say as well. It is partly true, but the difference in producer prices and retail prices would show we are the great monopolies which leave most benefit. That is, in short, basically, the subsidy encourages employers and monopolies. This is decided by the government, this is decided by politicians, the minister and his boss, "the president-am-me."

I turn now to the subject. The individual applications can benefit from the conquest of politics by citizens. Despite the decree on them has so many obstacles that becomes impossible. The president who is now displayed so jealous of democracy adopted with both hands this decree. Now hypocritically presented as a passionate defender of democracy and vetoes the second decree. But this attitude is not entirely innocent. Mauricio Funes since its accession to the presidency has been a constant struggle against political parties, insists on its prestige and the prestige of the policy itself. Returning to the question - who benefits from this smear? - see who serves the government's chief priority.

Funes leads good time for a move away from the party that brought him to the presidency and a constant flirtation with the political right and the employers. The FMLN blinded by his alleged role in representing the oppressed classes, do not realize that the population has manifested itself in favor of open lists, and no more a vote to be distorted by the leadership. Is that voters want to directly elect their representatives. The leaders of the FMLN for the first time engage in a dogfight with the president. Very surprised that this issue is that efemelistas react, they have not done it before against all presidential posturing, they had never taken up before changes in its political line. Even when he was only candidate left him away and impose their whims. In the statement of the FMLN's all fake, though it looks that they do to defend democracy, and citizen political participation.

In this dispute and the general discussion held in the country these days is a matter of prime importance. is the role of the party political society. Political parties serve to organize and bring together citizens to defend their interests, to come together and fight for their ideas. The growing prestige and justification of current political parties, should not obscure the role which the Workers' Party. This place is getting empty in our country. The FMLN in an effort to get along with their own candidate, the man who took the chair, wanting to bow to its policy on social-democratic party, in part reactionary right, has been discrediting and losing the last drag . The dome began to realize, to feel it. But who can trust a party vane and submissive to the whims of a dark character and pretentious as the current president? Who can ever trust a party that calls itself revolutionary and offers its services to big business and accompanying Funes in his praise of imperialism? Who can deny that the FMLN has voted without discussion, without further amendment of laws and decrees submitted by the Executive? Who can deny that the FMLN gave up its demands to repeal the amnesty law, which did not persevere in his position to return to the national currency? At the moment, not even participate in the discussion about what to give the destination port of La Union. And it's not a problem bland. The economic independenica rests also have national economic structures, capable of responding to the demands of the national economy. A national independent company in the port of La Union would also guarantee the control of the movement of goods, collection of taxes, regulation of employment on the site and benefit from the training of professionals in the country. There are other benefits, but only point out these. So we determined to politics in the price of tortillas and if we give him a free hand to let the ruling classes to dispose freely of our destinations.

political party is a popular organizational tool, but it is only a tool and not an end in itself, can not be a way of life for anyone. Until now the existing political parties have shown us that the lack of participation of its members, the Vertical, the domes can apriopiarse the party and take full advantage. At this time workers, all working classes, all employees should look carefully where their interests should devote time and energy to think about the mode of the new revolutionary party. The political situation is new, emerging new democratic aspirations facing political obstacles that contains the current system. The shape and functioning of the existing parties can not serve the workers. You need something new, born of the bosom of the people, from all your aspirations. I think it is appropriate that we throw to contrast the idea of \u200b\u200bparty workers. What we need is to create new concepts, new ideas and especially new practices. This is a historic demand. Workers can not run out of its instrument of struggle, without a tool organizer. The political party gives cohesion to the actions, gives weight and meaning. Many of us realize that the current system in the country does not meet the needs of society, this system has dominated our lives and destiny of the country for many decades. It is necessary for real change and the system completely. The FMLN chose to get the Executive to a candidate-vase rather than engaging in a deep discussion about what society we want. The FMLN was opportunistic. Instead of convincing and fight for their ideas, if they then still had ideas of social change, decided to bow to pressure from stakeholders to come to power and use him. Funes, precisely symbolizes all withdrawals from the FMLN.

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The University of Johannesburg (South Africa) cuts relations with the Israeli Ben-Gurion University

historic moment for the movement to boycott Israel

http://www.gloobal.net/iepala/gloobal/hoy/index.php?canal=Noticias&id=14166

South Africa. 03/23/2011. The University of Johannesburg precedent to cut ties with the Israeli Ben-Gurion University

Institute of Political Studies for Latin America and Africa · Palestinian BDS National Committee · Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel .


Today, setting a precedent around the world for academic boycott of Israel, the University of Johannesburg (UJ) has effectively cut ties with the Israeli Ben-Gurion University (BGU).

This was after the Senate rejected a final motion UJ desperate group of pro-Israel lobby to have two separate bilateral agreements - one with a Palestinian university and one with an Israeli. The UJ preferred to keep his former Senate resolution requires taking the leadership of the Palestinian universities. Palestinian universities unanimously rejected any collaboration with Ben-Gurion University (Any shape) and have come out in full support of the academic boycott of Israel. The UJ chose to respect this.

The UJ is the first official institution that cuts relations with an Israeli university - a milestone in the growing campaign of boycott, divestment and sanctions (BDS) of Israel. Throughout the campaign, academics and international human rights activists have been waiting for this decision. This decision to boycott, from a South African institution, is of particular importance.! This has set a precedent and must be started a domino effect of boycott!.

The move to end ties with the University of BG was driven by the overwhelming support given to the request of the UJ ( www.ujpetition.com ) - A campaign statement and support of scholars and students of the UJ asking the university to end its relationship with the era of apartheid with the University Ben-Gurion. Since the UJ Senate met today, over 400 scholars from Africa, including nine Vice-Chancellors and Deputy Vice-Chancellors, have signed the petition of the UJ.

Included in the list of accessions are some of the most important voices of South Africa: Neville Alexander teachers, Kader Asmal, Allan Boesak, Breyten Breytenbach, John Dugard, Antjie Krog, Barney Pityana and Sampi Terreblanche. The popular cartoonist South African Jonathan "Zapiro" Shapiro, the Nobel laureate Desmond Tutu, the bishop Rubin Phillips, former Minister Ronnie Kasrils and social activist Zackie Achmat leader also backed the campaign.

addition, more than 100 international matches began to provide support, including several prominent international scholars: Professors Judith Butler, Vijay Prashad, Michael Burawoy, Wendy Brown, Ernesto Laclau, and the acclaimed British author John Berger. Today

UJ has made history for the defense and promotion of academic moral integrity. Palestinian, South African and international academic community and supportive community celebrate this decisive victory in isolation of Israeli apartheid and support for freedom, dignity and justice for the Palestinian people. The UJ is now the anti-apartheid movement against Israeli Apartheid.
Original source: http://www.pacbi.org/etemplate.php?id=1523.